Colorimetric Assay of Acyclovir in human serum via  Charge-Transfer Complexation with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ)

Hadeel M. Dawood; Hassan T. Abdulsahib; Atared F. Hassan

المؤلفون

Hadeel M. Dawood Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq المؤلف
Hassan T. Abdulsahib Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq المؤلف
Atared F. Hassan Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq المؤلف

الكلمات المفتاحية:

Serum, colorimetric, acyclovir, DDQ, Charge- transfer.

الملخص

Acyclovir, a purine-based nucleoside antiviral agent, is widely utilized in the therapeutic management of Herpes simplex and various other viral infections. This study focuses on the development and validation of a novel, simple, and rapid spectrophotometric method for its quantitative determination. The underlying mechanism involves a charge transfer reaction between Acyclovir and the 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p- benzoquinone (DDQ) reagent system at a controlled pH of 7.0. This reaction yields a stable, red colored product exhibiting maximum absorbance (λmax 420 nm}, which was subsequently used for the quantitative assessment of Acyclovir content in formulations.

The method demonstrated excellent linearity, with the calibration curve extending up to a concentration of (1.0-22.0 µg/mL}. The key optical parameters determined were a molar absorptivity 6778.821(l . mole-1. cm-1) and a Sandell's sensitivity of 0.033 (μg/cm2). Precision was found to be 0.461%.

In conclusion, the spectrophotometric reaction produces a highly stable product, and the proposed method is demonstrably cost-effective, while possessing adequate accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. This robust methodology is therefore well-suited for the convenient and reliable quality control determination of Acyclovir in human serum.

المراجع

1. Corey L, Bendetti JK, Critchlow CW, Remington MR, Winter CA, Fahlander AL et al Blind Controlled Trial of Topical Acyclovir in Genital Herpes Virus Infections. Ame J Med, 1982; 73:326-334.

2. Keeney RE, Kirk LE, and Bridgen, D. Acyclovir tolerance in human. Ame J Med, 1982; 73(A):176-181

3. Wagstaff JA, Faulds D and Goa KL. Acyclovir: A reappraisal of its antiviral activity, Pharmocokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs, 1994; 47(1):153-205.

4. O' Brien J and Campoli-Richards J. Acyclovir, An updated review of its antiviral activity, Pharmocokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs, 1989; 37:233-309..

5. Gnann JW, Barton NH and Whitley RJ. Acyclovir Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Clinical Applications Pharmacother, 1983; 3:275-283.

6. Whitley RJ, Blum MR, Barton N and de Mirande P. Pharmocokinetics of acyclovir in humans following intravenous

administration. A model for the development of parenteral antivirals. Ame J Med, 73:165-171, 1982.73: 176-181, 1982.

7. Sheribah ZA, El-Brashy AM, El-Gamal RM. Stability- indicating polarographic determination of acyclovir through chelation with nickel(II). J AOAC Int, 2009; 92 (2):419-27

8. Blum MR, Liao HTS and de Miranda P. Overview of Acyclovir Pharmocokinetic Disposition in Adults and Children. Ame J Med, 1982; 73:106-192.

9. Quin RP, de Mirandu P, Gerald L, and Good SS. A sensitive radioimmunoassay for the antiviral agent BW 248U (9-(2- hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine). Anal Biochem, 1979; 98:318-328.

10. Yu L and Xiang B. Quantitative determination of acyclovir in plasma by near infrared spectroscopy. Microchem J, 2008; 90 (1): 63–66

11. Yeh HH, Yang YH and Chen SH. Rapid determination of acyclovir in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with direct sample injection and its clinical application. Electrophoresis, 2006; 27: 819–826.

12. Battermann GCK, Heizenroeder S, Lubda D. HPLC analysis of active ingredients of pharmaceuticals. Labor Praxis, 1998; 30: 32–34.

13. Pramar Y, Das Gupta V, Zerai T. Quantitation of Acyclovir in Pharmaceutical Dosage forms using High- rformance Liquid Chromatography . Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 1990; 16: 1687–1695.

14. Kourany E and Cyr TD. Determination of acyclovir (Zovirax) and guanine by microbore high-performance liquid chromatography with confirmation by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Can J Appl Spectrosc, 1995; 40: 155–159.

15. Kamel AM, Brown PR and Munson B. Effects of Mobile-phase Additives, Solution pH, Ionization Constant, and Analyte Concentration on the Sensitivies and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectra of Nucleoside Antiviral Agents Anal Chem, 1999; 71: 5481–5492.

16. Testereci H, Dülger H, Ertekin A and Kahraman T. The determination of acyclovir in sheep serum, human serum, saliva and urine by HPLC. East J Med, 1998; 3 (2): 62-66.

17. Macka M, Borak J, Semenkova L, Popl M and Mikes V. Determination of acyclovir in blood serum and plasma by micellar liquid chromatography with Fluoremetric detection. J Chrom, 1993; 16(11):2359-2386.

18 . Basavaiah K and Prameela HC. Simple spectrophotometric determination of acyclovir in bulk drug and rmulations. Farmaco, 2002; 57: 443–449.

19. El-Din MK, El-Brashy AM, Sheribah ZA and El-Gamal RM Spectrophotometric determination of acyclovir and ribavirin in their dosage forms. J AOAC Int, 2006; 89(3): 631-41.

20. Sultan M. Spectrophotometric determination of acyclovir in some pharmaceutical formulations. II Farmaco, 2003; 57(11): 865-870.

21. Daabees HG. The use of derivative spectrophotometry for the determination of acyclovir and diloxamide furoate in the presence of impurity or degradation product. Anal Lett, 1998; 31: 1509–1522.

22. Mahrous MS, Abdel Khalek MM, Daabees HG and Beltagy YA. Use of differential spectrophotometry for determination of cytarbine and acyclovir in their dosage forms, Anal Lett, 1992; 25 1491–1501.

23. Hadeel M. D , Abdulsahib H.T. and Hassan A.F. Spectrophotometric Determination of Acyclovir Drug via

Charge-Transfer Complex Formation, International Journal of Medical Toxicology & Legal Medicine,2024,27,167-177.